Air Pollution and its Effects on Health in Major Cities

Air pollution is a growing issue in many major cities worldwide. The high concentration of fine particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and other pollutants has severe impacts on public health. Children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing respiratory conditions are especially vulnerable.

The Main Sources of Air Pollution in Cities

In major cities, most pollutants come from traffic, industry, and building heating. Traffic, in particular, is a significant source of nitrogen oxides and fine particulate matter. Tire and brake wear also contribute significantly to air pollution.

"Air pollution in European cities is a serious problem, responsible for over 400,000 premature deaths annually." - European Environment Agency

Health Effects of Air Pollution

Air pollution can cause a range of health problems, including:

• Respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes
• Increased risk of lung cancer
• Weakened immune system, leading to increased vulnerability to infections

Statistical Data on Air Pollution in European Cities

Some of the most polluted cities in Europe are:

• London: The average annual concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is around 12 µg/m³. [Source]
• Paris: An average of 15 µg/m³ PM2.5. [Source]
• Milan: With over 20 µg/m³ PM2.5, Milan is one of the most polluted cities in Europe. [Source]
• Berlin: 13 µg/m³ PM2.5. [Source]

Measures to Improve Air Quality

Many cities are taking measures to improve air quality, including traffic restrictions, promoting public transport, creating green zones, and stricter emissions regulations for vehicles and industry.

The increased use of electric vehicles and the expansion of cycling infrastructure are also effective measures to reduce air pollution.

Fighting air pollution requires joint efforts from governments, businesses, and the public. Every contribution counts toward improving air quality and protecting public health.

Sources: European Environment Agency, London.gov, Paris.fr, Comune di Milano, Berlin.de